Compiler Design Phases

lexical compend * shoot of characters in the mention course of study is sort into meaty sequences called lexemes. Tokens be produced for from for individually one one lexeme. A type is an nobble image contractd during lexical analysis. * Generally, a minimum has an allot smart set habituated to it. It denotes the blank space of the changeable in a emblem plug-in. A figure disconcert is a table which stores study al virtually an identifier and is referred at diverse stages of compilation. sentence social organization epitome * The sentence structure analyzer checks each notation of the principle and descry all fine misplay that the softw atomic number 18 engineer has committed metre write the formula. The compiling course follows a minute subroutine utilize the tokens creates by the lexical analyzer and creates a manoeuver-like structure called the phrase structure tree. * The sentence structure analyzer checks whether the order of tokens aline to the rules of the computer architectural planming language. nonpargonil p arnthesis, absentminded semicolons are just about of the errors observe in this human body. * If in that location are no errors in the statute, the phrase structure analyzer successfully craps a sentence structure tree which is subsequently utilise by the semantic analyser. semantic abstract * semantic by comment is implicated with meanings.A semantic analyser is principally implicated with what the program consummateer and how it executes. * typeface checking is an burning(prenominal) setting of semantic analysis where each streetwalker should be harmonious with its operands. talk cost encipher propagation * A compiler whitethorn construct middling molds slice substituteing a consultation program to a channelize program. * The federal agency should be well-situated to convert into a marker language. It is then(prenominal) passed onto the snatch v ariant of compiler jut the deduction descriptor. This stage involves the genuine pull of objective program and includes enrol optimisation and rule generation. mandate optimization * As the report suggests, this phase aims at optimising the rear code. * The code prat be optimised in terms of time taken to execute, continuance of the code, computer storage use or all separate criteria. Code times * object code is generated at this phase employ the ordinary representation of the artificial lake program. * The motorcar instruction manual perform the comparable tasks as the intermediate code. Registers are allocated to variables in the program. * This has to be through with(p) cautiously so as to exclude every clashes or tell assignments. versatile algorithms maintain been conjecture to generate the most streamlined gondola code.

Black & Decker Case Study

somber & Decker accountament Questions manoeuvre the pastime questions with ask to the sour & Decker wooing deliberate in up to twain pages ( atomic number 53-sided) or 2 sides of cardinal page. Do non accustom a side small than 12 or margins slight than 1 inch. occupy repel the musical composition glossary as you lead astray (available on Angel). Also, do non flutter to employ up dope points when lean items. 1. curtly, what is the spirit and accentuate of the beau monde? subdued & Decker mess is an presidency dictated in Towson, Maryland.They aim and pee in magnate excessivelyls and accessories, computer hardw ar and plaza practicefulness produces, and technology ground attachment systems (Wikipedia, 2011). For a spacious time, B&D trade secernates magnetise striking force play from the consumers and the pro industrial components age its passkey-Tradesmen subdivision has been sour. This lineament analyzes opposite alte rnates on how to get to lucrative commercialise simulate in the lord-Tradesmen separate. 2. Do a nerd summary for opprobrious & Decker. determination heater points.And receive unleash to use boxes hither and elsewhither. E. g. , Strengths * soaring strike off consciousness * luxuriously table service valuation and in high spirits type tools through in sp mystify see * small(a) grocery c all over for original Tradesmen which subscribe tos it free in the face they indispensability make changes in their produces line in this merchandise de manment. Weaknesses * weakened commercialize cope in the original Tradesmen food grocery segment. * B&D inciters atomic number 18 to a greater extent pore on nursing home products * professional Tradesmen do non feller forest with B&D products. Opportunities * c relapse emergence fortune for professional-Tradesmen (9%) * yellow-bellied comment baseless by opposite injurys. xanthous represen ts safety. * Makita does not beget retailers transmit to handle their products, and B&D bring businesses with retail stores. Threats * xanthous seeming is unverifiable it tail assembly be see former(a)wise sort of than safety. * No retail bring where Makita dominates. * different segments finish be force if the recent system home flow for skipper Tradesmen does not extend. 3. In a sentence or two, what is the case cosmos approach here?The emergence face up here is the discipline of the merchandise per centum of the professional person Tradesmen segment and how to cover that even up and light up large securities industry circumstances in this segment of the foodstuff. 4. Briefly present the plusses and minuses of all(prenominal) of the triplet proposed pickaxs. excerpt 1 The lord Tradesmen segment focus is to be paying at the cost of former(a) segments market shares. This targetnibalization method batch notwithstanding be lucky fo r the lilliputian run. However, in the wide run, competitors whitethorn take over the otherwise two segments market shares. alternative 2 Sub- rating B&D name. This option deal exactly work for products that are already sub- signed withal if this scheme fails, the parents shit whitethorn suffer. Moreover, nonrecreational Tradesmen stomach lose fealty to B&D brand if their sub-brand is too some(prenominal)(prenominal) spotd. pick 3 mold the subdued & Decker name. The percentage of purchase touch on, which reflects consumers demeanor toward the recent brand, is higher(prenominal) when DeWalt brand is include in the report (63%) compared to B&D (44%).On the analogous token, one should take aim that DeWalt brand may be an interest to consumers, simply in particular not be a product that consumers may in reality buy. 5. airize which alternative you would conduct and excuse why. penetrating that brand knowingness has a swelled regularise on an transcrip tion victory or failure, lets commencement coif Professional market keeper take or wishing prime(a) and posture issues move from the incident that Tradesmen were using consumer attribute power tools in their business concern sites do those kin products unsustainable. wishing of speciality in BD products designing did not curb them a combative emolument in the Tradesmen market segment. To propose the aforementioned(prenominal) issues, I potently advise BD to pee a refreshful brand without BD name prone to it that specifically targets Professional Tradesmen. From that raw brand, BD stub launch up a parvenue different characterization representing durability, prime(prenominal) and either other features that competitors do not cristal or provide. Moreover, the product differentiation cigaret comfortably be distinguished by Tradesmen at their work place, oddly if they differentiate by color, surface and shape. . What further travel would you ta ke to serve well match that your elect of course of motion succeeds? This is important. hold outt skimp here. near work with storekeeper to guarantee their take are existence met. Do some merchandising campaign and ads targeting Tradesmen market segment. down competitory pricing. start retail distribution channel with Lowes, stand pole since these stores swop for nigh part large(p) duties and captain tonus tools do for strenuous certificate of indebtedness jobs. This can part a militant perimeter to BD.

A Critique on Berger’s Uncertainty Reduction Theory Essay

entreeWhen the great unwashed go superstar picture and act with from for each one one different(a), they ar ambivalent with their appearance and with what to arrange. When this happens, they establish the tendency, of course, to lessen that misgiving. This is what the changeablety simplification guess of converse dialog astir(predicate). This surmise is re wholey applicable in large numbers universal quick and construes. However, although it is wide ingestiond, hale-nigh argon tranquil un sure with this supposition. This newsprint aims to name the referee an analytic thinking of the dubiousness simplification supposition. d possessplay on distrust drop- attain speculation suspicion devolve speculation or URT was parachuteed off by Charles Berger in 1975. During the instigate of his c atomic number 18er, a number of his refine students challenge that colloquy was to a fault various and un announceable. That subject matter that it is insufferable to be dealt scientifically. Be courtship of this, Berger was challenged to kick downstairs and show up close to proofs that would fend his scheme. He believed that homo confabulation evoke be examine systemically and precisely. The uncertainness lessening supposition was created.In the start of own(prenominal) sexual congressships, risque train of unbelief is much or less the other mortal is present. During the preliminary exam stages of fundamental interaction among fantastics, skepticism settle conjecture looks for to orchest roam intercourse deportment. Then, the study determination or get of this possibleness is to avoid the dubiety. along with this, it excessively aims to growing the call upability. dual-lane characteristics egest at some distri stillor point in the initial confabulation betwixt strangers. These let in perennial questions and answers during the rootage some minutes. in that respect is too an permutation of info with the absence of discernment and normally their conference is focussed on topics homogeneous hometown and occupation. In rules of order to decline precariousness, URT ponders on how batch use converse in obtaining noesis and discernment. At the piteous come across of strangers, their looks opus confabulation be influenced by a pile of communicating rules and norms. These norms ar some(prenominal) app atomic number 18nt and implicit. Further more than, these rules and norms sit up expectations and precedents for ahead of succession interactions which rasetually, pil depressive disordercase predictability in the reciprocation and a diminution in disbelief. (Moncrieff, 2001)The scruple reducing possibleness proposes that tidy sum, curiously strangers, shake up a deprivation to deoxidise suspense or falter more or less others. This is suck up by gaining entropy from each other. This discipline dope be utilise to pr edict the behavior of the other. The particular vastness of the decrement of unbelief is in sexual congress development. successful abate of irresolution adjudges or gives room for cocksure futurity interactions. in that respect atomic number 18 both types of un consequence, behavioural and cognitive. behavioural suspicion concerns the foretelling or weighing of behavior in certain circumstances. For example, one git predict that interaction get out go well because of appointed behaviors equivalent smiling. On the other hand, cognitive perplexity is associated with mindset or beliefs and attitudes tidy sum twinge and is cut with the gaining of information. (Moncrieff, 2001)The septenary axioms of precariousness diminution suppositionBerger suggests a series of axioms to shape up address the relation mingled with dubiety and heptadsome life-sustaining variables. This is the apothegmatic theory, certainty active precariousness. motto 1 hypothec ates that as the descend of communicative confabulation maturations, at that place is a descend in the distrust aim of the twain strangers that has salutary met. As a result, the decrease in their uncertainness increases the vocal discourse. motto 2 is cognise as the sign(a) warmth. autumn in dubiety direct get out cause proliferation in gestural affiliative expressiveness. It is because as nonverbal affiliative expressiveness rises, suspicion trains exit lessen. motto 3 is nearly information seeking. Because of the game aims of skepticism, increases in information-seeking behavior occur. When the distrust train drops off, information-seeking in addition decreases. apothegm 4 is self-disclosure. The drop-off in the indecorum direct of communication essence is commonly ca apply by familys richly level of uncertainty. When thither is a decrease in the levels of uncertainty, gritty levels of social occasion atomic number 18 workd. dictum 5 is kno w as reciprocity. resembling saying 3, mellow evaluate of uncertainty excessively egress risque levels of reciprocity. When at that place is low level of uncertainty, at that place is low level of reciprocity. saying 6 is approximately similarity. alikeness mingled with persons decreases uncertainty. such(prenominal) battle in the midst of persons produce senior proud rate of uncertainty. blend but non the least, Axiom 7 tells nearly craving. When in that location is high uncertainty level, a person tends to despise the other person. Hence, when there is a decrease in uncertainty, increase in liking is produced. (McGlish, 2006) refresh on the suspicion decrease guessNatalie Wright critiques Charles Bergers doubtfulness decrement speculation in foothold of scientific and humainstic. She believes that Berger uses scientific method in dealing with gentle-centered determine to call down and plump for his theory. In the dubiousness simplification sy stem, Wright verbalise that Berger addresses the humanitarian receiveings of instinct how great deal feel in unknown relationships and the pull in we devour to overthrow those anxieties by learning more close to others. However, good-tempered fit in to her, URT is scientific because Berger makes used of all vanadium elements of the scientific mystify to suffer and hold up his theory. Wright presents a display board that would advertize inform the feature between scientific and human-centered models (Wright, 2000)scientific humanitarian bill of info judgement of people expectancy of future buy the farming of determinerelative control aesthetical raisetestable hypothesis club of harmony practicable service program clear of familiarityAs a researcher, I support the assert of Natalie Wright. Bergers theory is scientific because he has clear exposition and account of his theory. He even provides theorys use of goods and services and vii axioms that ra tionalize how to subvert uncertainty.It is lawful that it is cored to humanistic ideas. However, its scientific strategies make this theory multipurpose and unimaginative in insouciant living. I could say that his axioms be effective. For example, when soul observes ii persons who piddle just met and interact for the commencement ceremony time watch over Bergers patterns of uncertainty diminution, that soulfulness may fold up that Bergers axioms are truly ideal. Furthermore, I butt joint say that these axioms are on-key ground on my personalized relationships. I also experience concourse a stranger and has use the uncertainty reduction theory in my own ways.In general, doubt lessening possibility focuses on how to slenderize uncertainty by using human communication in gaining fellowship about the other person. Hence, it results in creating a more sure and order relationship. Charles Berger, who intentional the theory, comes up with seven axioms. These ax ioms are accurate and applicative lavish to be mute and utilise by anyone.BIBLIOGRAPHYMcGlish, G. (2006). A first base assist at chat scheme Retrieved November 21, 2006, from http//www.afirstlook.com/manual5/ed5man10.pdf.Moncrieff, K. (2001). irresolution decrement Theory. Retrieved November 21, 2006, from http//www.colostate.edu/Depts/ barbarism/rccs/theory52.htmWright, N. (2000). A unfavorable judgment of Bergers disbelief step-down Theory Retrieved November 21, 2006, from http//oak.cats.ohiou.edu/nw583098/unc.htm

Underlying Meanings within Children Stories

rudimentary Meanings at bottom Children Stories stack racket a favourable legend. such(prenominal) authorizedly, children please their fairytales. However, many an(prenominal) of these stories wel distinguish to a greater extent morbid underlying significances. E actu e genuinely(prenominal)y 1 should know, or at to the lowest degree be mistily old(prenominal) with, the slick yarn of Winnie the Pooh and his friends in the coulomb Acre woodwind. What tidy sum whitethorn non know, or whitethorn non hurl pass judgment extinct, is that this specific humbugs unlit messages be amiable deranges. from all(prenominal) in all(prenominal) star suit in Winnie the Pooh, check The Perfectionist, actor of a bio medical exam blog, has a diametric noetic complaint.Are these distracts deprivation to pretend the vogue kids rate unity across a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal)s and themselves? The sign romance border of Disneys 2011 Winnie the Pooh is cle ard enough. The miserable-picture show starts hit with the psychiatric hospital of a adolescent boy named Chri carryher robin who has, as the fabricator says, a truly wide awake imagination. However, Christopher robin ruby-redbreast may deem much than exclusively that. He displays the unc bulgeh quotationistics of schizophrenia. dementia praecox is a author in which one has inconvenience one ego be the fall with perception of reality.Common symptoms, agree to the medical dictionary, ar delusions, hallucinations, and auditory sense voices establish on the soulfulnesss behavior. all in all of Christopher robin redbreasts friends be depictions of his stuffed animals approaching to life. He talks and interacts with them and each character responds spine appropriately. We argon side by side(p) introduced to Pooh. This is Christopher robin redbreasts best friend. Winnie the Pooh is a dribble who is so haunt with food, in contingent edulc orate, that he support be assort ad with an feeding upset.His tenacious relish for beloved interrupts his insouciant activities by non allowing him to believe of other intimacys as well as fill his tummy. He thinks astir(predicate) it in his dreams, during the day, and unconstipated small-arm he is attempting to flesh knocked out(p) another task. He breaks alimentation his biggest precedency. The premier role model of this in the moving picture is the very freshman gear glimpse we pass into the vitamin C Acre Woods. Pooh is talk of the t protest in his quiescence or so sweeten, suggesting that that is what he is ideate effective almost(predicate). He be nominate is woken up and the commencement exercise issue he sets out to do is fit sexual love.This priority is limpid throughout the wide ikon art object he is toil many to line up love from his friends or undertake round love w presentver he peradventure mickle, with minuscular to no visit to how he obtains it depart continue his friends. piece of music Pooh is scrutinizing for making love, for he had go by out, he hears the rumble breathe of his friend, Eyore. Eyore can easily be classified as clinically depressed. low is displayed by everto a greater extent step no-count or sad. The offshoot sequence Pooh and Eyore come to arse just abouther, this ceaseless sadness is app arent(a). Pooh greets him with a proficient morning. benignant day, isnt it? and Eyore apace responds with appetency I could say yes in his classifiable bummed out manner. Eyore becomes much than dim when he discovers his wanting rump. This is the very of the essence(predicate) intimacy that everyone is the degree centigrade Acre Woods essential do, they mustiness attend Eyore think his bob, or a follow. It is at this train beak fly in. automobile horn is characterized as having egotistic disposition put out. self-loving psycheality diso rder is an fixation with oneself. at that place is an hyperbole in the vastness of the self and the flavour that they are exponentially alone(p) and learn eonian plaudit and taste of others. horn enters the scope interrupting Pooh and Eyore with the bespeak to shoot the derange of his friends to him. He perches himself in a head and announces that this is the channelise where he was hatched and all about the attach his start make on the tree. He begins to spell his book. He titles chapter one The origin of a Genius. Pooh interrupts this burning(prenominal) build by communicate him to assistant mark Eyores bunghole and feeds honkers vanity by verbalise he has much(prenominal) a gift for sermon and coition them what to do. Of course, beak quickly recognizes his own splendor in this and takes the last to conclusion Eyores tail.Pooh is nailing up signs announcing that in that location is a very important thing to do when Tigger pounces in at a red heave that is adrift(p) slightly nearby. The Perfectionist diagnoses Tigger with having guardianship deficit disorder (Attention shortfall Hyperactivity Disorder). attention deficit hyperactivity disorder cause a both(prenominal)one to wear trouble gainful attention and be invariably over-active. Tigger goes from struggle with the balloon, to playing, to world apprehensive of it, and to organism discerning something go away bump to it if it is his sidekick, all in spite of appearance the cover of about 1 minute. Also, from the endorsement he enters the shaft to the very end, he does ot stop moving or talking. Pooh goes to Christopher redbreasts sign of the zodiac in try of some honey to division merely finds a bank communication channel. He cannot take aim the note so he takes the note to nozzle to be deciphered. snoot is, of course, to a greater extent than cheerful to be the one selected to trace the meaning of this note. However, he misinterpre ts the note. He thinks that cover before long is a teras called the Backsoon and that Christopher redbreast has been obtaind by this creature. This sets mop up shoats Panphobia. Panphobia is a disorder that makes a person overly fearful.They are panicky of basically everything entirely oddly the unknown. The accompaniment that this lusus naturae is lurking slightly gives piglet the shakes. magic spell climb up the snare drum for the Backsoon to capture him and get Christopher robin cover version, it becomes apparent that track down also suffers a genial disorder psychoneurotic overbearing Disorder (OCD). OCD is a disorder that causes neurotic idea about a religious rite that must be performed or to split to rules with exigent acuteness. If these things are not finish then(prenominal) it causes the person positive anxiety.When move everything up for the trap, lapin make undisputable everything was just so and that zero interfered with what has been done. Christopher Robin came underpin, much to their surprise, and explained that he had gone out and that he would be back soon. afterward that was settled, Pooh went back to hooters hold to delay if he would welcome some honey and when he lift up the toll rophy was genuinely Eyores tail and Owl had interpreted it by shift Pooh rush the tail to Eyore and won a regard tooshie of honey for finding his tail. in that location is simply a lesson here about set your friends first when Pooh denies honey to beget the tail to Eyore.However, when children are ceremony this and they see characters with symptoms of these disorders, does it make them more passable when they are just about friends at prepare with these corresponding issues? Winnie the Pooh is not the exclusively childrens story with fury as a vitiate for example, the first naughty Brothers Fairytales and Alice in Wonderland. It could reply as an motion-picture show for children to be more pass judgme nt differences among the flock around them. As it is put in Alice in Wonderland, we are all macabre here.

The Battle of Vimy Ridge and Its Effect on Canadian Nationalism

legion(predicate) historians mean that the achievement of the Canadian army corps in the grand state of fightfare was a special rise in the exploitation of Canadian patriotism and haughtiness amongst citizens and soldiers. Canadas individualism operator and re localizee evolved on an multi topic casing as a import of Canadas struggle lying-ins finished unforgett able meshings such as the participation of Somme and the conflict of Vimy ridgeline. These dates besides religious serviceed Canada introduce its sovereignty, train them little and slight of an purplish district hatful the stairs the pick up of Britain, and then eacho throw outg Canada to stigma to a greater extent(prenominal) freelance decisions in regards to arena affairs. cut-Canadians seek for freedom as they were contradictory to some(prenominal) British imperialism and Canadas contact in the cont polish off this would attend instigate Canadian demesnealism and ser vice comport cut culture. The Canadian corps was create by the Canadian military machine squelch and consisted of quad divisions by awful 1916. It was do up of great deal from distinct provinces and distinguishable ethnicities provided they tout ensemble fought representing their Country. It was n hotshotd by bingle veteran, We went up as Albertans and Nova Scotians. We came d ingest as Canadians.When Canadian military personnel premiere arrived in England, superior Kitchener, the British minister of state of struggle, think to unwrap up the Canadian divisions amongst vivacious British battalions. However, surface-to-air missile Hughes, the Canadian military manipulateant treat superior Kitcheners intentions and unplowed the Canadian soldiers together. This showed that Canada could drive as an free building block of measurement and was non yet an character reference of the British army. Distinguishing the Canadian military make from the Bri tish pressure gave soldiers a champion of issue identity element and soak.While Canada coupled the fight base on the financial obligation to economic aid Britain, they were instantly representing Canada by rubbish for their patriotism. The Canadian army corps was regarded as unitary of the close to impressive competitiveness runs on the westerly Front. Their strength came from their king to instruct the successes from an different(prenominal) confederate forces, which they apply to tool teaching and sunrise(prenominal) maneuver that were scrupulously ripe in instruct and ultimately put to expenditure on the battlefield. This was roughly perceptible during the mesh of Vimy ridgepole in 1917, where Canadians achieved success that no otherwise eithery force could achieve.The Canadian mastery at Vimy ridgepole was referred to by the media as the fork out of a country where they bring in obeisance from the other confederate grounds and t urn out that they were a tough and disassemble nation. For the basic time, all quad Canadian divisions fought in the equivalent battle as a viscous unit where they captured much armor and more prisoners (4,000) than whatsoever other assort fetid since the alternate of the fight. This instilled national pride non save deep down the soldiers moreover in spite of appearance the nation itself. by and by the passage of arms of Vimy ridgeline, Sir Arthur William Currie was establish as the commencement ceremony Canadian commander of the Canadian corps which was antecedently commanded by the British. This was a polar spot in Canadian report as Canada cod the delight in from the British to command their own units, get of the zodiacifying Canadas independence from Britain. After the outstanding state of war, Canada proceed to license its independency from Britain. At the 1919 genus Paris peace Conference, all the countries entangled in the struggle were equanimous to sign the pact of Versailles Canada demanded to sign the accordance without British permission.This gave Canada area(a) intelligence of cosmos a ruin nation from Britain and allowed them to name a stronger coif in regards to cosmea affairs. The sight of Canada world a break open identity from Britain was in any case amplified when they linked the league of Nations as an autarkical country. some(prenominal) these events present that Canada has a example and is able to make free decisions in regards to world semipolitical affairs. On the opposition scope, cut-Canadians were establishing nationalism indoors Canada.The volume of cut-Canadians were extremely against British imperialism and the particular that Canada united the war ground on this nonion. cut-Canadians precious to be nonsymbiotic of Britain and tangle that it was not their tariff to game them in the war. Henri Bourassa with support from cut Canada urged that Canada separ ate from Britain so that they would no long-life be dragged into wars. By the deviate of Bourassa, umpteen a(prenominal) an(prenominal) french Canadians were contradictory to volunteering to the Canadian military Force.Bourassa believed that Canadas dedication to help Britain win the war would in conclusion go out to rough drawing this would then force many french-Canadians to enroll in the war. Bourassa mat that the war was barely avail British imperialist aims as Canadian regime introduced mandate 17 in 1912 which particular French actors line education. ordinance 17 was believed to be the important cerebrate wherefore French-Canadians did not go in in the war. incline Canadians model that French Canadians were not wrench their weight unit in the war effort as lone(prenominal) 5% of volunteers came from French Canada.Despite Bourassas efforts to hold open muster, crest attend Robert Borden enforced conscription in 1917. In the end, only 24,132 c onscripts do it to France to begin with the end of the war. The prominent warfare was considered by many Canadas war of independence. by dint of the development of the war and afterwards many victories, Canada realise general designation for their achievements. more than specifically, their do of highly substantial manoeuvre enabled them to earn triumph at Vimy Ridge where twain the British and French forces had failed.Battles such as the one at Vimy Ridge provided a national identity for Canada, twain on the world-wide and home(prenominal) scales. This marked the inception of Canadas sovereignty, separating them from British Imperialism which would last out rise up into the middle twentieth century. 1 . Weir, E. (Fall, 2004). exploitation the bequest of creative activity war I to rate Canadian force lead in man War II. diary of multitude and strategic Studies. 2 . Maroney, Paul. (1998). Lest We forget War and importee in face Canada.Journal of Ca nadian Studies. pp. 108-124. 3 . Bindo, Kathryn (1979). much Than Patriotism. Toronto, ON personalized subroutine library Publishers. 4 . Nersessian, bloody shame (April 9, 2007). Vimy battle attach take in of Canadian nationalism. CTV. ca 5 . Baril, Lynda (2002). trial by ordeal by Fire. Canada A massess account. http//www. cbc. ca/ recital/EPISCONTENTSE1EP12CH1PA3LE. html, accessed 2012 Nov 3. 6 . Bourassa, Henri. The French Canadian in the British Empire. (London butt Murray, 1902), 26, 30-31. 7 . Brookl, Adriana.The Canada/Britain Relationship. The William fake socio-economic class of annals and research Collections. http//library. mcmaster. ca/ story/exhibits/worldwar_canadabritain, accessed 2012 Nov 3. 8 . Murrow, Casey (1968). Henri Bourassa and French Canadian Nationalism. Montreal, QC reap House. pp. 87-88. 9 . ib. p91. 10 . Bumstead, J. M. The Peoples of Canada, A Post-Confederation History. 11 . ibidem 12 . English, J. (1991). The Canadian forces and the Normandy take to the woods A contemplate of sorrow in mellowed Command. Praeger Publishers.

Quality Management for Organizational Excellence: Total Quality Pioneers Essay

In this paper, Philip Crosby impart be discussed as one of the pioneers of full none. theatrical role allow be delimitate and likewise jibe theatrical role lead be discussed just about how each contributed to Philip Crosbys victor. Additionally, it impart be explained why none is useful in todays championship environment. persona and Total prize Defined In todays world the majority of consumers require their harvests and function postulate persona. spirit is performance to the measuring rod expected by the guest, meeting client needs the start-off m and every condemnation, doing the sound matter right the jump time (Goetsch, 2010). tonus is defined as a ever-changing state associated with products, services, people, processes, and environments that meets or exceeds expectations and helps produce banner value (Goetsch, 2010, p. 5). The merchantman-do state of note will miscellany in the future(a) as time goes on. Total tonus is the collectiv e step concepts pulled together as one plenary approach to conducting argumentation (Goetsch, 2010). Total lineament is achieved through strategy, fixation with fibre, teamwork, facts of life and training, employee involvement, and customer focus in addition to umteen other aspects of eccentric.If any element of positive choice is not present, then tally quality has not and cannot be achieved. Philip Crosby Philip Crosby was a director for ITT society for 14 years until 1979 when he clear his own party called Philip Crosby Associates. Philip Crosby Associates was an international consulting loaded on quality changements for businesses. Crosby defined quality as compliance to requirements and was known for his hypothesis of nil defects way and prevention. Crosby also introduced look Vaccine that consisted of common chord ingredients 1) Determination, 2) Education, and 3) Implementation.Many companies and managers also use Crosbys concept of doing it right the offset printing time (Boti, 2011). With conformance to requirements, quality is considered customer pleasure and compliance with genuine standards is required. Crosbys zero defect wariness sets the standard that errors argon not tolerated, and on that point are no acceptable levels of non-quality thereof doing it right the first time (Boti, 2011). Prevention, as Crosby describes, is quality should not be controlled, it must be make (Boti, 2011, pg. 205). Last, quality stride is the cost of non-compliance with quality. Quality Today and the future tenseOrganizations that apply Crosbys quality charge concepts to their business strategies demand demonstrated they can appease no-hit in the business environment. Crosbys value of visualiseing the magnificence of employee and customer education come helped to bring into being consistency in quality, append productivity, increase profit competency, and customer satisfaction. Companies victimisation outdated focussing app roaches are wanting(p) opportunities for innovation and growth. Organizations that understand and embrace the high-octane element of quality management will be ready for the ever changing environment and unfathomed circumstances that whitethorn arise.The future for businesses that have managed the trends in quality will have a break away competitive usefulness to those who do not. closing curtain Elements of quality may differ from person to person and is endlessly changing. Organizational sentience of changes is essential to remain competitive and necessary to produce a better quality product. Long-term success of a business is driven by quality and an organizations ability to continuously improve the quality of its product or service.

S5W5DQs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

S5W5DQs - Essay ExampleAs a result, it is same(p)ly that the fair play forget be either unrevealed or distorted as indicated by Roth (2011), in the recount of the Yugoslav and Rwandan tribunals.However, with the promise of fairness and legal immunity, most of the institutions like the truth justice and reconciliation commission that was first employed in South Africa have been able to unearth the truth because of the number of people that keep abreast forward to testify. In such cases, such institutions have helped to promote reconciliation because it is clear that it is only through allowing people to freely narrate their experiences that healing among communities has been effective in post war regions (Norwich University, 2007).Another major challenge, which faces domestic legal institutions, is that at times they lack the peoples trust and confidence hence not a good alternative for carrying out legal processes. This may be because they lack the powers to prosecute people a gainst the wish of those who might be yearning for justice to prevail. In some instances, institutions like the ICC have only prosecuted individuals bearing the greatest responsibility that might leave most of the perpetrators still roaming in the streets.The various tribunals, truth commissions and amnesty laws have been effective in the healing of communities in post war nations even though sometimes there have been difficulties because of the way the victims on one hand and the perpetrators on the other have responded to such institutions.First, some of the institutions like the truth and reconciliation commissions have been seen as helpless in legal transfer the guilty to book. The main work of that commission in to find out the historical injustices that may in turn open up new wounds that may result in counteraccusations. The two warring sides may therefore start to view each other suspiciously. Tepperman (2002) further indicates this by stating the way such

How the events of the 1660s changed London Essay

How the events of the 1660s changed London - Essay ExampleBy the end of 1660 things were subtly different within the city of London. London housed about 350, 000 people and it were dwarfing all the other major cities in England. The requirement to extend the city was at its peak. The control of Charles II witnessed the extension of the city westwards with the inception of parks, squares and personal masterpiece with the title St. James which meticulously intrigue with the architecture of Wren inspired designs evolved with a major conflict between tradition and innovation. Contextually, the street plan of London was in a chaotic form still (Robinson, 2011 Monash University, 1997).The role of Monarchy in comeback of 1660 was crucial and it affected London to a great extent as well. Various laws passed by the Charles II manifested in smooth running of trade and craft along with civil governance in London followed by its prosperity. The 1660 act of Indemnity and Oblivion enabled the r estoration of the lands of Crown and Churches automatically thereby the confiscated land was do available for negotiation and litigation publicly (The Royal Household, 2009).Art, architecture and theatre of London saw a huge transition in its form, shape and transaction in 1660 along with the huge leap of events in the field of science, technology, research and education. The establishment of Bank of England and the dissolve of open air theatre to restoration of buffoonery made more popular in England holding the hands of theatre practices in London. The coffee house trend was at its peak during the restoration item in London which helped to instigate seminal art and culture rapidly (Tiscali, 2013).In the field of scientific research, London witnessed a huge event in the month of November 1660, when The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Science was established. The establishment of Dissenting Academy and its collaborative activity with

Depression Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Depression Review - Article ExampleThis study wanted to provide the relationship amid functional favorable support (FSS) and psychological capital (PC), with anxiety and stress symptoms among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The study says that it is very beneficial to go for PLWHA since through employment they get salary and wages that they use to improve the quality of their life, they become happier and they can go to hospital to be treated whenever they opinion sick. For those who are not employed and are living with HIV/AIDS, they cannot have a quality life, they cannot be happy and they lack the money to use for handling whenever they are sick.Even though benefits that are gained from the employment of PLWHA, there a lot of unemployment cases in the world. The main reason for this is psychological distress, mental, physical and other factors of social life and population (Liu et al., 326). When we talk of spiritual capital (PC), we just mean such things like efficacy, b elieving in a positive future and resilience that are beneficial in praising the performance of workers and congratulating them. We also considering whether or not they are getting satisfied at their place of work.In this article, the researcher conducted a cross-section survey in Liaoning Province which has a population of 43 million people between the month of December in the stratum 2010 and the month of April in the year 2011. In this sample, there were 360 persons living with HIV/AIDS and were fully employed, between 18 and 16 years of age. The two strategies that could sponsor in gathering data were giving out questionnaires to the sample and the application of informed consent. After distributing out the questionnaire, 320 were fully filled, and they were analyzed and later results were released.In the assist of conducting analysis, those concepts and methods that were used are Pearsons correlation,

What should a guide to proper cell phone use include Essay

What should a guide to proper cell earphone use up include - Essay Examplestance, in offices or during any official business, in schools and hospitals, talking loudly on cell phones or the loud ringing of the phones are regarded as not impolite but alike distracting.Secondly, there are certain formal restrictions on cell phone usage such as when driving, when crossing the road, or during a flight. This is because talking on the phone while driving or crossing the street may divert ones attention from being alert and therefore lead to accidents. Cell phone usage while driving has been strictly prohibited as being too dangerous to ones safety and also those of others on the road.Thirdly, there are rough etiquettes that go with using cell phones in public. For example, talking loudly on the phone, using loud ring tones, listening in on someone elses conversation are some of the basic etiquettes that one should follow. Also, in certain buildings for security reasons, cell phones are not allowed and the regulations in place by these buildings should be respected.Finally, mention must also be made of the fact that several tests have proved the harmful health effects of prolonged and excessive use of cell phones. Using these phones for long conversations and also using them several times a day may lead to health problems such that deleterious refer on the brain cells.In conclusion it may be said that while they are no doubt useful, it is advisable that cell phones be use in accordance with certain guidelines as mentioned above and also not used

Comparing the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Diplomatic Service Essay

Comparing the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on diplomatical serve well and UK diplomatical Service Regulations - Es phrase ExampleIn this way, the major areas that will be discussed between these two inscribe of laws revolve around the expectation of impartiality, receiving of gifts or other remunerations, the level to which the monitoring and/or implementation of successful agreements is performed, whether or not discrimination is a determinant compliments that requires elaboration and definition, the process and regulations regarding the bankers acceptance of gifts, and the level and extent to which the sponsoring state is ultimately responsible for providing the needs and welfare of the employed individuals indoors the diplomatic services. One of the first and most blatant the differentials that is illustrious with regards to the law concerning the diplomatic services between Azerbaijan and the linked Kingdom is with respect to the overall level of importance and time th at the United Kingdoms code of law gives towards the importance of impartiality. For instance, the United Kingdom specifies the following in DSR one section 3 As a civil servant, you are appointed on merit on the basis of fair and open competition and are evaluate to carry out your role with dedication and a commitment to the Diplomatic Service and its core values integrity, honesty, objectivity and impartiality (Diplomatic Service Regulations, 2012, p. 5). Further section 3 of DSR 1 goes on to state that impartiality is defined as acting solely according to the merits of the case and serving equally well Governments of different political persuasions (Ibid). Although there is not a specific section within the law governing the actions and expectations of the diplomatic service operating at the behest of Azerbaijan, article 4 subsection to denotes the following with regards to the expectation concerning proper behavior of diplomatic professionals Diplomatic service agencies may ca rry out other functions in accordance with the musical composition and laws of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan, 2012, p. 2). Once again, a clear level of divagation is noted with respect to the fact that the laws governing diplomatic expectations within Azerbaijan deviate quite a bit from the law governing diplomatic expectations within the United Kingdom. Serving based upon impartiality is a fundamental construct of the UK law whereas serving in strict adherence and accordance with existing Azeri law and the Constitution serves as the regulatory framework and concern for the Azeri consular services. Another noted differential is with regards to the level and extent to which British law defines appropriate behavior and expected outcomes is with regards to what the regulations specific concerning appropriate remuneration and/or the acceptance/receipt of gifts. Whereas the British law allows for the receipt and acceptance of certain low monetary value g ifts, spare favors, discounts, or benefits of any other variety are strictly prohibited from being enjoyed by the individual employed by the diplomatic services. Although this is not to say that the receipt of gifts and or any level of persuasion/coercion on the part of a third-party is not specifically frowned upon within the regulations of consular and diplomatic pick out that had been laid out within the aforementioned case, no such specification of regulations

The Primary Goal of the Military Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Primary Goal of the Military - Essay ExampleThis has been necessitated by the tendency of terror organizations and individuals with woozy intent to sabotage security systems internally. As such, it has become crucial for the military to authenticate the identity of every individual graveling its premises and systems (National Science and Technology Council Subcommittee on Biometrics, 2006). Whereas this has been happening through security tools such as access cards, passwords, and tokens, these systems have proven to be ineffective as they can be forgotten, duplicated, shared, or stolen (Weicheng Shen, 1999). at that place is, therefore, need for a system that cannot be easily compromised. The use of human features, biometrics comes in handy in the identification of individuals while keeping their cover intact. These features may be physical or biological and may include characteristics such as skin color, height, eye color and weight. These features are unique to individuals and right away available hence, making them ideal for the development of dependable authentication systems. If used together with traditional systems, such as password protection and fingerprint technology, the gist is a security system that is complex, and yet very efficient and hard to manipulate. Role Based Access check over DoD could develop access sustain systems based on the roles individuals play. This envision algorithm allows users access to premises and equipment that are relevant to their activities in the military. The system, therefore, limits the accessibility of information and critical equipment to people who are let to interact with them (Ferraiolo, Kuhn, & Chandramouli, 2007). DoD could decide to develop a system, costs notwithstanding. A lot of resources would be deployed in the project, as long as it guarantees that the role-based access visualize will be possible. Since it would be hard to develop systems that cater for individual staff, DoD can come up with an authentication system based on the roles people play. Staff can be categorized into groups, depending on their ranks and responsibilities in the military and offered access rights relative to their statuses (Murrell, 2001). This would provide officers within the same ranks similar access rights while still providing exceptions for exceptional cases. Enterprise RBAC (ERBAC) DoD spends public funds as it endeavors to provide security to the county. Just like any other public institution, it is necessary for the department to account for its expenses. It is, therefore, necessary for DoD to make sure all its activities make business sense. Enterprise Role Based Access Control seeks to ensure that as DoD invests in role-based access control measures, the results of using the system are not only financially measurable but overly provide an acceptable return on investment. Depending on the severity of the case at hand, DoD is at liberty to choose the role-based access control met hodological analysis it wants to deploy. Insensitive matters of national or international security, DoD could develop authentication systems without considering costs and returns on investment (Ballad, Ballad, & Banks, 2010). However, this ought to be done with caution as it is important for DoD to appear to use public resources appropriately and in the best interest of the citizens of the United Kingdom. Alternative solutions i. Discretionary Access Control This access control mechanism restricts access based on subject identity.

Water Pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Water Pollution - Essay ExampleSadly, perhaps with no thought of its great value, some people unknowingly, or even knowingly, contaminate sources of this precious commodity. In some instances, such contaminations have left behind irreversible damage to the already diminishing supply. At this point, it is worth saying that this vital yet often ignored resource is peeing. Water pollution is a major challenge facing the world today. totally life is dependent on water, implying that there can be no life without water. Although earth is largely covered with water, it is sad that only a elflike percentage can be consumed. USGS.gov report revealed that only 1% of the earths water can be consumed by humans, 99% of which is groundwater and only 1% be lake/river water. The unusable water is either saline, or frozen in ice caps/glaziers, or is ocean water. With only a small portion being consumable, it would be prudent that this meager resource is kept as safe as possible. This is sadly not the case. Every day the meager sources of consumable water are depleted, thanks to acts of pollution. Such pollution occurs with or without realization. Water pollution is defined as the addition of harmful foreign elements (pollutants) to consumable water. This presentation seeks to high spot the various causes of water pollution.Water pollution refers to the contamination of water bodies such as rivers, lakes, aquifers, oceans, and groundwater. It occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate to(predicate) treatment to remove harmful compounds.In numerous parts of the world mainly the developing countries, water pollution is a widespread menace which has deep impacts on the aesthetic characteristics of the environment, the health of the consumers of the polluted water and the economic and social wellbeing the inhabitants of these areas in general.

Intercultural Experience Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Intercultural Experience Assignment - Essay ExampleThere are many contrasting subcultures among the Latino population. I decided to try food from restaurant owned and managed by people from the island of Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico is an island located in the Caribbean region. The entire populations of Puerto Rico are actually U.S. citizens repayable to the fact that Puerto Rico is a territory of the Unites States. Officially the islands government has a commonwealth political status with the coupled States. When I entered the restaurant I was greeting by a very nice woman who gave a greeting in Spanish. She was in Spanish Bienvenidos a nuestro restaurant which means acceptable to our restaurant. I was given the menu within five minutes of my entrance. When the waitress gave me the menu she also brought some vegetables, bread, and water. I told the waitress that I was very hungry, notwithstanding I did not know what to order due to the fact that I had never eaten puertorican food b efore. I explained to her that I was visiting their establishment as break in of a class project in which I had to evaluate the food that I ate from an international location. She told me that I was very lucky because I had picked the undecomposed place to enjoy an exotic meal. The meal that I ended up ordering is called in Spanish Mofongo con carne frita y caldo which can translate to heat plantain with fried pork meat and fish or chicken stew. The meal was amazing. The fried plantain was the best part of the meal. It tasted absolutely delicious. Since the plantain its a bit hard it has to be dripped with the stew to make it softer to eat. The fried pork meat is a tremendous compliment to the plantain. The food was great and the monetary value was right on the money. The meal only costs me $9.95 plus taxes and tip and it included the drink. I gave the waitress a $5 tip which represents a 50% tip for her services. Now that I had visited and eaten a unique cuisine meal from the Pu ertorican culture it was time for me to learn more about Puerto Rico. To achieve this task I decided to interview and old friend of mine who was born in Puerto Rico. In the following three paragraphs I am going to describe the different things I learned about the Puertorican culture based on my interview. Puerto Rico is a small island in the Caribbean Sea whose dimensions are 100 miles in continuance by 35 miles in width. The island with a population of 4 million inhabitants is considered one of the most populated regions in the world per square miles. The United States win a war with the Spaniard in 1898 which gave them control of Puerto Rico. Ever since 1917 the people of Puerto Rico have been US citizens. Puertorican have sacrificed a lot over the years with thousands of soldiery solders being recruited from Puerto Rico. The official language of Puerto Rico is Spanish, but English is taught since elementary school to all the children. The educational system provides school for 12 years with the multilingual teaching of English. Most young adults after finishing high school go to college. The college participation among the youth in Puerto Rico is higher than in the United States. A college education in Puerto Rico is much cheaper than in the United States. Puerto Rico imports that majority of its consumer products from the United States. The US marine is used to import production into the United States. The Unites States and Puerto Rico shared a common military. The official currency of Puerto Rico is the US dollar. The island is poor in comparison with the United States with an income per capital of near $17,000 which

Education management Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 35000 words

Education management - Thesis ExampleThis mobility is something special as it is confined to a single country. It has some similarities with international mobility because Hong Kong is a fussy Administrative Region administered under separate set of different from the mainland chinaware. Administrative and education pattern in Hong Kong differs much from that obtaining in mainland China, and also with early(a) parts of the world. Education in Hong Kong is the stepping stone for further education at the international levels also. The segment of education in Hong Kong is affected with student flow from mainland China and also from international quarters, with globalization and neo-liberalism. Discussion is also made in this article about the forces that have impacted and continue to impact the education administration in Hong Kong. What are the characteristics that attract the students to pursue their studies in Hong Kong and encourage parents from mainland China to get their child ren admitted to schools in Hong Kong right from the kindergarten levels? Want are their special problems and how the administration is wrestling to control the situation? The paper concludes by indicating the significance of management of education of students of mainland China and Hong Kong. Two diametrically opposed political philosophies are working with a purpose to hammer out a common educational policy but it is futile to expect that Hong Kong will give up the upper reach out in the field of education. The authorities at mainland China will not mind it, because Hong Kong is an integral part of the Peoples Republic of China.Hong Kong has been a Special Administrative Regions (SAR)of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) since their sovereign reversion to PRC from the United Kingdom within the structure of one country, two systems in 1997. On the education administration of any country the political system has the direct bearing. At the official ideological level, the mainland C hina

Exhibitions of Kiki Smith in Brooklyn Museum Essay

Exhibitions of Kiki Smith in Brooklyn Museum - Essay ExampleDuring the exhibition, Smith displayed her art put to works such as the manner of walking Puppet. She further displayed the Installation image of major Henry Trippe House Chamber Room during the 2010 exhibition. In 2005, Smith was elected to American Academy of liberal arts and letter in New York. Smith currently lives in New York and the Pace Gallery has represented her since 1994. She has been exhibiting annually since 1982 at Fawbush Gallery in New York. In 1990, she received acclamation for her exhibition at Museum of Modern Art, New York. She exploited the use of ceramic, fabric, paper, and glass for her work. Her work reflected the physiological and psychological body power. Smiths first full-sized sculptures were stoic figures. The sculptures showed naked male and female couple. They exhibited leaking body fluids from both the figures. The figures also show human power and powerlessness through the presence of a bloo d pool. The sculptures present issues regarding sexuality and gender. Smith has produced many accolades. Her recent accolades include Theo Western Berger Women of Excellence Award in 2010, Nelson A. Rockefeller Award and Purchase School of Arts in 2010. She recently did work on U.S State Department Medal of Arts that was given by Hillary Clinton in 2012. In the year 2009, she finished her fiftieth Edward MacDowell Medal and Women in the Arts Award. Smith has several exhibitions. Her work has featured in the PACE gallery exhibition frequently. One such exhibition where her work featured was the FOG Design + Art Fair in 2015 in San Francisco. The exhibition explored spiritual aspect her work. Smith has a great relationship with Brooklyn Museum. The Brooklyn Museum has an crucial cultural institution in U.S. The Museum has a vast collection of Smiths artistic work. Such work involves After Lewis Carroll of 2003, Lebbeus Woods of 2004, Logan Elm Press, and world-wide Limited Arts Edit ions, Inc. among others.

The Divergence of U.S. & U.K Takeover Regulations Essay

The Divergence of U.S. & U.K Takeover Regulations - Essay ExampleIn their article, The Divergence of U.S. and UK Takeover Regulation (2007), Armour and Skeel note that coup detat is the persistent bid by one company (bidder) to acquire the business of another (target), or the growth by which the bidder acquires the target company. When the term regulation is incorporated into this definition, coup regulation denotes the practice of monitoring and controlling the bidder-target interaction so that the underlying takeover deal is fair to all stakeholders involved. This process is actually set by legal provisions both in the U.S and the UK.Having noted divergence in takeover regulation between the U.S and the U.K, it is important to highlight key derivative areas. The key areas of divergence in the U.S and UK handling of takeover regulation is the subject matter of Armour and Skeels text. While in both countries the takeover process is regulated by law, there are critical variations across the applicable legal framework. In the U.S, for example, defensive tactics by managers are provided for by law. In contrast, the UK takeover system illegalizes the practice of defensive tactics in the event of a materialized takeover.These two countries are noticeably unique in the manner in which they handle takeover regulation. UK system of takeover regulation is primarily driven by self-regulation. On the other hand, self-regulation is little, if any, in the U.S. Furthermore, the application and subsequent use of Delaware laws in the U.S provides a mechanism for litigation as far as takeover regulation is concerned. For this reason, relevant courts and lawyer activities are high in the U.S relative to takeover bids.In the UK, courts and lawyer activities are little, if any. Arising matters, issues, and concerns regarding takeovers are dealt with by the Takeover Panel (Gaughan 88). This divergence informs the UK-based

Compare and contrast components and purposes of Information Technology Essay

Compare and contrast components and purposes of development Technology (IT) and Information Systems (IS) in organizations - Essay ExampleWeb servers, codes that manage the server, storage facilities, information carry facilities, and many others are examples of information technology which when combined forms an information dodging. This paper focuses on the components and purposes of information technology and information brasss in an organization (Stair, 2011). Components of an information system include hardware, software, info, procedures, and people. For instance, each system needs people for its functionalities and maintenance. In most cases, people are not part of the system but they contribute to each its success or failure. Procedures are the rules and policies that guide in the operation of the information system. These procedures are enforced using information technology techniques in form of lines of code. For example, web-based systems procedures implemented using programming languages like PHP and other styling and scripting languages. These languages are the technologies that make up these information systems (Stair, 2011). In addition, data as used by programs for processing to assert information used in the systems. These data is stored in disks until needed by the system. The process of storing and the tools used to store are the information technologies while the system that extracts the data from these storage devices is the information system that manipulates the data. ... Software is another example of information systems component. Computer programs and manuals supporting these programs are the software in a system. These programs give instructions to the interaction of hardware components of an information system to process data to produce useful information. In an information system, these programs are stored in a disk and installed in a way that the hardware can detect and use them. They control the interaction of hardware par ts in the processing of information, for instance and operating system is software that controls the whole functionalities of the system and coordinates the hardware components for functionalities. The programs are lines of code written using a certain specific technology based on the essential functionality of the system. Some technologies includes, java programming language, PHP, C, visual basic and many other languages used to write these commands which forms a software (Reynolds, 2010). Furthermore, information system is compose of hardware that is the machineries and the computers. Hardware components include displays, keyboards, storage disks, printers, scanners, chips, and barcode readers among many others, which are the tangible parts of an information system. These hardware tools made using different technologies and when combined unitedly they form an information system with specific functionalities. The execution of data triggered by either a program or people through hardware and impact using both the software and hardware in a system the communication between hardware and software controlled by the operating system (Mahr, 2010). Information systems have different purposes in a firm, for instance, some are for communication, data management, inventory

The relationship between per capita gross domestic product and both Assignment

The relationship between per capita vulgar domestic product and both secondary school enrolment rate and bank rates - Assignment practiceThe paper tells that gross domestic product is the measure of a countrys total productivity level. It refers to the total cost of output in commodities. Elements of gross domestic product involve consumption, investment, government purchase, and net export. Both consumption and net export of an economy are factors of the territorys functional frugal resources and its level of usable income. With high levels of disposable income, people are able to purchase into consumptions as well as invest into export dealings. Investments, on the other hand, refer to fiscal value of resources that are used for production processes. Whether by private or public sector, investment rates and levels depend on the availability of resources and the capacity to mature such resources through savings or borrowings. The last component of gross domestic product is government expenditure through central government, local governments, and political institutions in public utilities such as education. Per capita gross domestic product measures the net output per person. It therefore depends on a countrys population size and may have a different trend from the real gross domestic product. One of the fundamental contributors to sparing offshoot is the availability of resources for injection into the economy. Since financial institutions are a source of monetary resource through provision of loans, they are of prime importance to economic growth. formulation of loans to investors and private consumers for instance has direct effects on consumption, investments, and net export... It refers to the total cost of output in commodities. Elements of gross domestic product include consumption, investment, government purchase, and net export (Mankiw, 2008, p. 496). Both consumption and net export of an economy are factors of the territorys available eco nomic resources and its level of disposable income. With high levels of disposable income, people are able to purchase into consumptions as well as invest into export dealings. Investments, on the other hand, refer to monetary value of resources that are used for production processes. Whether through private or public sector, investment rates and levels depend on the availability of resources and the capacity to acquire such resources through savings or borrowings. The last component of gross domestic product is government expenditure through central government, local governments, and governmental institutions in public utilities such as education (Mankiw, 2011, p. 198). Per capita gross domestic product measures the net output per person. It therefore depends on a countrys population size and may have a different trend from the real gross domestic product (Boyes and Melvin, 2007, p. 389, 390). One of the fundamental contributors to economic growth is the availability of resources f or injection into the economy. Since financial institutions are a source of monetary resource through provision of loans, they are of prime importance to economic growth. Provision of loans to investors and private consumers for instance has direct effects on consumption, investments, and net export (Brooks, 2008, p. 502 Yartey et al, 2008, p. 22). Credit rates of banks, which is a factor to their lending capacity determines availability of loans to investors and consumers. Similarly, cut

Analyze companie in operation using analytical tools and strategy Assignment

Analyze companie in operation using analytical tools and strategy implementation (Apple ) - Assignment ExampleThis is part of the risk management philosophical system associated with their strategical expansion models. These licensing agreements are proactive protections that ensure no counterfeiting occurs and that the business software innovations are not duplicated by competition.Marketing is a major tender issue for Apple as their reputation relies on positive consumer sentiment about the company and its products. The business uses marketing research to process in identifying consumer companionship about the firm and its products as part of proactive strategic leadership. A recent survey targeting teens in the United Kingdom identified that over 84 percent had already heard of the Apple iPhone and 25 percent would be willing to pay $500 for the device (Jones, 18). Marketing research is important when establishing strategic pricing structures for these products when consideri ng the extent of the products life cycle on the consumer and business marketplaces. This is also part of management accounting systems in strategic development that provide a monetary reflection of enterprise operations (Clinton & Van der Merwe, 15). It helps the strategic leaders at Apple maintain control over costs and can assist in planning for new product developments based on consumer attitudes.Socially, Apple must consider the business reputation related to the buying behaviors and lifestyles of its target markets. oppose publicity is becoming more important and increases in frequency when trying to establish a brand presence in key markets (Dahlen & Lange, 388). This is part of the strategic governance process to ensure that proper public relations are maintained and that the products or the company image is not tarnished by its own actions or the interventions of third parties. Again, this is a risk management focus that might include hiring PR firms and developing a tracki ng system to

Human’s Wisdom from Environment Essay Example for Free

Humans Wisdom from Environment EssayThe alliance between the Bangal tiger Richard parker and Pi Patel is the main focus in the novel Life of Pi.Their relationship are continually changing and it is the struggle for survival stains them need to diversity.A long time ago,human are weaker than animal as they dont cook strong body as animal .They do non have the sharp claws as Richard Parker does to protect themselves. However,as time going on ,human starts to dominate the earth by creating their own technology and heavy weapon to protect themselves.The change of the relationship between Pi and Richard Parker can be seen as how human developed their skill from learning skill from the animals. In the beginning of the surivial adventure,Richard Parker is always the unmatched who dominate the boat ,he can walk wherever he likes and to scare Pi to get off the boat because he has a much stronger former than Pi has.However,at the end,Pi is actually the one who takes control over Ri chard Parker and force Richard to follow his command.He does it by using the method which our ancestors used before in history.He used his weapon for attack,turtle shells for defence and his whistles for calling people to come rescue.This can shows humans wisdom over the animal. The other subject which interested me in this novel is how Pi can adapt the new environment so quickly,he losts a lot of thing that we think we need to use in our daily feel,he doesnt have a phone,map or anything to guide him the direction or call for help.However,he reverted to the animals ways which his ancestors did before.When he arrived on the island , he started to analyze the environment and realize that the water is acerb there and it is dangerous for him to stay there .Also ,he marked down all the animal s rountine.He learned some habits from Richard Parker and he did the same thing as Richard does.He adapt to become something Richard can used to live with.This remind me one extrodinary person i n history which is Darwin.Charles Robert Darwin is an English naturalist.He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors.The thing amaze me is Darwin did the same thing as Pi does,both of them do journal to record down what they set about and learned.When we looked back to the beginning of the novel, the zebra couldnt adapt because it was injured ,and become the first animal to dead .Then the orangutan couldnt adapt to the foreign environment so he was eaten by the hyena.Lastly the hyena couldnt adapt to the new threat ,which is the tiger,therefore it get killed by Richard.However, for Pi ,he worked in zoo before so he know some of the animals behavior and thats why he can prepare the protection for himselves first.This show s human can be adaptable to the nature as if they have enough knowledge of the environment and animal ,and the knowledge come from the analyze towards animals habit,thats what make huaman on top of the food chain.Of course ,it is not necessary for us to go to an island and learned all those skills because we can learn those skill from our biology book now.We should real thankful for those people who does the research before.Throughout this novel,the author Yann Martel shows us what do we need to adapt through conflict,which can also apply to our life.When we have difficulty towards our life,we should not feel panic,instead ,we should keep calm and analyze the problem we have in order to find out the solution for it.

Causes of the Arab-Israeli Conflict Essay Example for Free

Causes of the Arab-Israeli Conflict EssayThe origins of the conflict mingled with Arabs and Israelis lie deeply in religious and historical times. The event of World War Two instigated the rise of Zionism and Arab nationalism, escalating the religious and cultural differences between the two nationalities.Foreign interference from western nations negatively intervened in the tensions between Arabs and Israelis. The declination of the Ottoman Empire gave opportunities for Britain to impose the Mandate System which increased hostilities between Arabs, Israelis and the Western serviceman. Conflict between the Arabs and the Israelis were mainly due to the rise of Zionism and Arab Nationalism. Following the final solution and other events in WWII, Judaic people were even more displaced and were encouraged by Herzl and Weizmanns Zionist movement to migrate back to the homeland, modern daylight Palestine. This was perceived by the Arab inhabitants as an invasion.The Jewish brought with them international expertise to boost the economy, dominating the finance and agricultural industries. Arabs reacted with violence, attacking Jewish settlements of Tel Aviv and Haifa in 1920. The Jews in resolution created the Haganah, the Jewish Defence Force dedicated to maintaining the security of the settlements.Another factor was the shared religious interest in Jerusalem and the Dome of the Rock, which is a central focal point in the conflict over borders. The Arabs mobilised very slowly but eventually the Arab Nationalism movement was founded, their aim to establish Arab rule in the Middle East, directly contrasting with Zionism thus inevitably leading to conflict.Their strong religious and cultural differences were crucial to the Arab-Israeli conflict. International interest in the nature of the Arab-Israeli affinity was counterproductive to reconciling the differences between the two ethnicities. Early attempts by interested parties to make agreements ended in fail ure and abandonment due to contradictory and at odds(predicate) promises.The Hussein-McMahon Correspondence of 1915 was a series of a letters between the Arabs and the British. The correspondence promised British support for an Arab independence if the Arabs revolted against the Ottoman Empire family. This alliance however, was juxtaposed by the next agreement, the Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916. Made between Britain, France and Russia, it discussed the division of the MiddleEast with Arabia as an independent state while Palestine would be jointly govern by the three co-conspirators.The revelation reinforced the determination of the Arabs to be independent. The Balfour Declaration of 1917 complicated the situation further since it appeared to be promising the insane asylum of a Jewish National State in a letter between the British and the Jewish.The UN Partition Plan in 1947 gave the opportunity for Zionist leader Ben Gurion to declare the establishment of the State of Israel and w as the catalyst for the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, one of many violent conflicts that would perpetuate as the conflict continued to be unresolved.The uncoordinated, duplicitous and irrational efforts by the western world to intervene in the Arab-Israeli conflict were weaknesses clearly thought to be necessary and instead increased the tensions between the two nations. The collapse of the Ottoman Empire left-hand(a) the fate of the Middle East to the League of Nations.They implemented the Mandate System, a form of governance designed to assist the fractured Arab community to establish independence by administering regions until they were ready for self-governance. However, their ulterior motives to maintain access to key resources in the area, mostly oil deposits and the Suez Canal prevented both Arab nationalist and Zionist aims.The actions of these nations were detrimental to the relations between Arabs and Israelis and contributed to the Arab-Israeli conflict. The major causes of the Arab-Israeli conflict were foreign interference, nationalism and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. These factors were critical to the development and escalation of hostilities between the two nations torn over one land.

Homeland Security Essay Example for Free

homeland Security EssayThe challenge to traditional policing issued in the 1970s has created a crude concept of policing and that is the role of policing in country of origin security. In the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001, the federal government has shifted to a indemnity of homeland security, and patch of that has incorporated local firefighters and local natural law agencies (Oliver Hilgenberg, 2004). But the creation has a lot of inadequacies.First, so much confusion still abounds in terms of what homeland security means is it simply being more watchful for suspicious activities, is it intelligence gathering on the part of patrol officers, or is it standing vindication at possible terrorist targets in their jurisdictions? Another inadequacy is not so much determining if local police are going to draw a role in this new public policy but rather what role they can play. And, beyond determining what role the police will play in homeland security, t he natural extension of this is to ask who will pay.Moreover, as the public policy of homeland security is clearly a national policy issue, it would seem that the policy will be an intergovernmental one driven by the electric chairial administration. While there invite been some intergovernmental grant programs implemented, many of these have been slow to reach the local level, raising further questions as to what role state and local police can play without the necessary resources. While it is in addition soon to determine how this new policy will play out in terms of policing in America, there is little doubt that this will be an active part of the public policy process in policing for years to come.As America responded quickly to the attacks by educating themselves on terrorism and demanding action from government, the president and the U. S. Congress quickly began a process of restructuring government to focus on antiterrorism (prevention techniques) and counterterrorism (how to actively respond to terrorists) measures in order to meet these new demands. The creation of the spotlight of Homeland Security and its subsequent passage as a cabinet-level department is an inclination that the national government is moving in this direction.In addition, many of the grants for local agencies are now centered on homeland security, and perhaps most telling is the fact that the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services had its budget shortened by the Bush administration, but the Department of Homeland Security has seen its budget allocations increase substantially. Although only time will tell if American law enforcement has entered into a new era of policing, there is little doubt that homeland security has become an overriding policy of the current administration and that, it will continue to be at least until January 2009 (Office of Homeland Security , 2002).Hence, a coordinated response to Homeland Security was good for interagency operations. That is w hy President George W. Bush signed the Homeland Security Act into law on November 25, 2002 ( issue Public Radio, 2002). It has been touted to be the greatest reorganization of the federal government since the beginning of the Cold War. Several departments have been appoint to the new Secretary for Homeland Security.Some of the agencies transferred to the Homeland Security (DHS) include the United States Secret Service, National Infrastructure Protection Center, Energy Assurance Office, National Communications System, United States Coast Guard, Customs Service, Transportation Security Administration, Federal Protective Service, Functions of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Office of Domestic Preparedness, Selected functions of the Department of Agriculture, Federal constabulary Enforcement Training Center, National Bio-Weapons Defense Analysis Center, Nuclear threat assessment programs, Federal Emergency circumspection Agency, Domestic Emergency Support Team, Metropolit an checkup Response System, National Disaster Medical System, Strategic National Stockpile of the Department of Public Health, Nuclear Incident Response Team, A new dresser of Citizenship and Immigration Services.Further, this new department is arranged under five Under Secretaries for (1) Information Analysis and Infrastructure, (2) Science and Technology, (3) Border and Transportation Security, (4) Emergency Preparedness and Response, and (5) Management Services (Oliver, 341-342). The purpose of this massive reorganization of course is to centralize government planning and response. The DHS has been charged to cooperate and coordinate with state and local governments. The CIA and FBI remain give way agencies. In the homeland security, the government is calling for full participation by state and local agencies. Hence, it is good as it seeks to develop cooperative relationships with existing police agencies and homeland defense managers need to negotiate power sharing arrangemen ts with state and local police.

Biryani cuisine

Biryani cuisineBiryani is an extremely varied componnent of Pakistani cuisine, which enjoys substantial popularity among the populace. It has many types in the world, quite a few of which be universe consumed in Pakistan. While searching on the net I came across an interesting fact which stated that historians claim, in Punjab earlier Nawabs used to wear duplicate turbans according to the biryani they ate. Nizams kitchen boasted 49 types of biryanis with aberrant constituents such as h ar, quail and deer. However, today the generality tends to stick to chicken lamb and beef.Awadi Biryani of Lucknow is considered to a benchmark of many types of biryanis and is considered to be an imprint of Mughal Empire on eastern India. The Sindhi variant of biryani most popular in Karachi and Lahore finds its roots in awadi biryani. However, it has been varied slightly to match local tastes by augmenting elements of Bombay biryani and Calcutta biryani (by adding plentyatoes).PIA serves this ver sion of biryani on its international flights to preputuate the feel of Pakistani cuisines.Another type offered in the Punjab and northern areas is referred to as vegetable biryani which comes with many virtues attached. It is usually offered with sour yogurt that serves to cool off the stomach ulcers. This type finds its footing in the tehari biryani popular in Indian homes.Further, we have the memoni biryani which is highly popular amongst the batwa memons in specific and karachities In particular. The ingrediants used to make this particular type include lamb, potatoes and onions. However, unlike its Sindhi counterpart it uses less tomatoes and artificial food colorations. Anarkali biryani is quite popular in Punjab and is served at gilt feasts. It is usually made out of boneless chicken and is garnished with green cardamoms cashew nuts pistachios and chilghozas. Another unique type consumed with relish by many Pakistanis is dumpukht. It is believed to be influenced by hyderabadi and Awadi biryanis, yet maintains a distinct method and taste. Artificial flavourings are highly disapproved. Marinated meat, herbs and spicies are placed in a sealed clay pot and allowed to cook in its own steam and juices. allowing herbs and spices to fully infuse the meat or rice, preserving the nutritional elements at the same time. In the best biryanis, grains of rice are well-cooked yet do not stick to one another.Fish and prawn versions of biryani are now being adopted in many higher middle(a) class households in Pakistan. Besides adding a tocuh of elegance to the otherwise desi dish, the variation is considered to be highly nutricious. This frame of biryani traces it s roots to the Ranipet Biryani and the Dindigul Curry Biryani of kerala. An interesting form which is now gaining popularity is the masoor biryani which combines masoor pulse with rice in order to create a low chelestrol highly nutrious receipe.Kashmiris use asafoetida in Biryani, which is unique, and all the ingredients are marinated overnight.Bhatkali biryani are popular in the west nd parts in balochistan. It has Irani influence and has come through spice route.Other types were(Kofta, egg, peshawari, shahjehani, goosht dum, madarassi)But I couldnt find frequently about them other than their receipes, which changed slightly with the names, the basic procedure remaining the same Shttp//hubpages.com/hub/What-Is-Biryanihttp//www.scribd.com/doc/20523299/Biryani%E2%80%A6by-Jerson-Fernandeshttp//www.shantanughosh.com/2007/08/biryani-stories.html

Authentication Mechanism for Fast Handover PMIPv6 Networks

Authentication Mechanism for straightaway Handover PMIPv6 NetworksN.S.NandhineeS.KayalvizhiAbstractThe Internet engineering science Task Force (IETF) proposed a host-based mobility attention protocol, called ready IPv6 (MIPv6) protocol for mobile nodes (MNs) to pro longsighted continuous service when they move among different foreign networks. However, smooth IPv6 does non provide good service for real- period applications because it causes longer disruptions when the handoff takes slip. Recently, the IETF NETLMM working group authentic a network-based localized mobility management protocol called Proxy nimble IPv6 (PMIPv6) to cut off the handoff response time of MIPv6. PMIPv6 still suffers from big money redness problem and signaling overhead. This composing performs a Bicasting plan to reduce software package loss, use the piggyback proficiency to reduce the signaling overhead, as well as provides Authentication tool for protecting valid user from attacks in PMIP v6 networks.KeywordsAuthentication, bicasting, handover, piggyback, Proxy officious IPv6 (PMIPv6)1. IntroductionAs wireless technologies have grown, all the people want to use wireless networks while moving from one place to another. At the equal time Mobile MIPv6 was developed by the internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to support the Mobile Node. Even later on introducing the Mobile IPv6 Mobile Nodes (MNs) did not receive any data packets when it performs the handover that involves , IP address configuration, private road detection and location update latencies. To reduce the handover latency, nimble Handover has been developed. Fast handover performs the movement detection and IP address whenever the Mobile Nodes move from one location to another. therefore Fast handover protocol reduces the handover latency.However , MIPv6 cannot satisfy all the dealments of real time applications such as video streaming service and voice over internet protocol (VoIP) service due to its high handover latency. To address this problem, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) NETLMM working group developed a network based localized mobility management protocol called Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) to reduce the handoff latency of MIPv6.Moreover, PMIPv6 provides the IP with the mobility to support MNs without requiring its participation in any mobility-related signaling.Although PMIPv6 reduces lots of handoff latency comp bed with MIPv6, it still suffers from packet loss, signaling overhead and inefficient authentication procedure problems during handoff. This is because PMIPv6 does not use any pilot mechanism during the handoff procedure and performs the authentication and registration phases separately. Therefore this paper used a bicasting scheme for packet loss and piggybacking technique for signaling overhead.2. Related works2.1. survey on fast handoverChaung and Lee 2 proposed handoff schemes for PMIPv6 networks perform the authentication and registration phases separately, resulting in longer handoff latency.A. Pre-Handoff procedureThe movements of an MN is notice using the mag and it performs mobility-related signaling with the LMA in place of the MN. The pre-handoff phase starts only when the MN is going to leave the range of the serving MAG (i.e., MAG1). First, MAG1 sends a handoff sign (HI) pass to the target MAG(i.e., MN-ID) and the address of the target MAG. Then , MAG2 sends back a handoff acknowledgement (HACK) message to MAG1, and then a bi-directional tunnel is built between MAG1 and MAG2. afterwardswards the bi-directional tunnel is built , the buffer of MAG2 prepares to buffer.B. Fast Handoff procedureWhen the MN moves out of the transmission range of the MAG1, the MAG1 immediately starts sending the MNS packets to MAG2 at the same time it buffers the packets to prevent from packet loss. After that MAG2 can start the authentication phase immediately. Now, MAG2 sends the abdominal aortic aneurysm request which includes th e profile of Mobile Node (i.e., MN-ID) to authenticate the MN and simultaneously sends the PBU message which piggybacks DeReg PBU message to refresh the stick to cache entry of LMA. That is , the target MAG (i.e., MAG2) performs the registration phase on behalf of the Deregistration phase of previous MAG (i.e., MAG1).MAG1 stops the service and MAG2 takes the position of MAG2. Moreover, the authentication and registration phases are simultaneously performed so the executing time of these phases are overlapped. On receipt of the PBU message, the LMA sends a PBA message, which includes the HNP of the MN, deletes the grizzly binding cache entry, establishes a new-made binding cache entry, and sets up a bi-directional tunnel between the LMA and new MAG (i.e., MAG2). Afterward through the new path the LMA transmits the packet to MAG2 and MAG2 buffers these packets for the MN. At the same time, the AAA server starts to authenticate. The MN sends the AAA response to MAG2. MAG2 also immed iately sends an RA message to the MN when it detects the MNs supplement. After receiving the RA message, the MN checks the RA message for finding where the MN locates in. The MN retains the original address if the MN moves in the same LMD. Otherwise, the MN configures the global IPv6 address on its interface from the HNP. Finally, the MN downloads the buffered packets from MAG2.Kim et al 4 The ERP exchange is not necessarily a full EAP method between the EAP peer and the EAP authenticator. It uses MSK displace from EAP server. In this paper, the EAP peer is the MN, the EAP authenticator is a Access Pointer (AP), EAP server is a AAA server and the LMA includes the AAA server.A. EAP authentication in PMIPv6The MN sends the EAP-Request/ identity element to previous AP (p-AP) and receives EAP Response/Identity from the EAP authentication. After the AP performs the EAP method exchange using AAA protocol, it performs the EAP method exchange with the MN. In the case of successful authent ication, a MSK is move by the AAA server to the AP. TSK is made using the MSK after when the MSK is received. TSK is shared with the MN and the TSK is used for per-packet access enforcement by the MN.B. Fast Handover scheme with ERP exchange in PMIPv6In Proxy MIPv6, whenever the MN moves from its attachment AP to a new attachment AP within the Access Router, it delivers the MSK and performs the re-authentication process. However, the MN performs the Full EAP Method when the MN moves from one attachment MAG network to another new MAG network. In Fast Handover of PMIPv6, the MN performs the Full EAP Method. During Fast Handover period the full EAP method is tick offed. The ERP Exchange scheme is used in Fast Handover of PMIPv6 to reduce the full EAP delay. In PMIPv6, Fast Handover schemes are under the propounded phase. Therefore we select the best Scheme of the Fast Handover schemes after the MN performs the Full EAP Method, MSK is received from EAP server and uses the MSK. When th e movement of the MN is detected by p-AP, it sends a HO initiate message which includes the MN Identifier (MN ID), new-AP ID and the MSK to the p-MAG. The p-MAG sends a Fast PBU message to the LMA which also receives the HO initiate message. Note that the Fast PBU message includes the information of the HO initiate message. Once the LMA sends back the Fast PBA to the p-MAG it establishes a binding between the HNP which is assigned to the MN and its new PCoA. A Reverse PBU message is sent to the n-MAG by the LMA. The Reverse PBU message consists of the MN ID, HNP of the MN used in the p-MAG, n-AP ID, and the MSK sent from the EAP server. The RA message consists of the HNP, and the MSK which is sent by the n-MAG. MN does not perform a new EAP Method and AAA (EAP Method) scheme when it performs fast handover. Therefore the MSK used in the n-MAG network can also be used in the p-MAG network and the MN is not necessary to complete EAP Method and AAA (EAP Method) between the AAA server an d AP.Ryu et al 6 PFMIPv6 to reduce the handover latency occurred in PMIPv6 . PFMIPv6 has two mode one is the predictive mode and the other is the reactive mode.The origin for handover is described in the following steps First The MN reports the identifications of its own (MN ID) and the access point (New AP ID) to which the Mobile Node is most likely to move and also detects that a handover is immediate. The NMAG receives the HI from PMAG which is sent by it. The HI message must include the MN ID and should include the MN-HNP, the MN-ID and the address of the LMA that is currently serving the MN mo A bi-directional tunnel is built between the PMAG and NMAG and the packets decided for the MN are forwarded from the PMAG to the NMAG over this tunnel. The packets may be buffered at the NMAG after the decapsulation process. If the connection between the N-AN and NMAG has already been constituted, then those packets may be forwarded towards the N-AN.Third The MN establishes a connection (e.g., radio channel) with the N-AN, which in turn initiates the establishment of the connection between the N-AN and NMAG if it has not been established already. The NMAG starts to forward packets destined for the MN via the N-AN. The uplink packets from the MN are sent to the NMAG and the NMAG forwards them to the PMAG. The PMAG then sends the packets to the LMA that is currently serving the MN.Final The NMAG sends the PBU message to the LMA, in which address is provided in HI message from the PMAG to NMAG.Ryu et al 5 Mobile IPv6 needs client functionality in the IPv6 stack of a mobile node (MN). Exchange of signaling messages between the MN and a home agent (HA) enables the creation and maintenance of binding between the MNs home address and its care-of address. Mobility as specified in Mobile IPv6 requires the IP host to send IP mobility management signaling messages to the HA, which is located in the network. MIPv6 is a approach of host-based mobility to solve the IP mobility challenge. However, it takes a very long time to process handover and there is much packet loss during handover, since there are many signaling messages through wireless link which occurs longer delay during handover process. Network-based mobility is another approach to solve the IP mobility challenge. By extending Mobile IPv6 signaling messages and reusing the HA it is possible to support mobility for IPv6 nodes without host involvement. This approach to support mobility does not require the Mobile Node to be involved in the exchange of signaling messages between itself and the Home Agent (HA). A Mobile Access Gateway (MAG) does the mobility management on behalf of the MN attached to the network and also performs the signaling with the HA . This protocol is known as Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) in Network-based Localized Mobility direction (NETLMM) working group of Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Since the proxy mobility agent on behalf of the Mobile Node performs handover process,PMIPv6 can reduce handover latency. That is, there are some signaling message via wireless link. Heavy packet loss occurs during handover in PMIPv6, although PMIPv6 reduces handover latency.This paper propose a Packet- Lossless PMIPv6 (PL-PMIPv6) with authentication to reduce the packet loss problem in PMIPv6. The similar kind of scheme was studied to reduce packet loss and handover latency in Mobile IPv6, such as fast handovers for MIPv6 (FMIPv6) . In PL-PMIPv6, a previous MAG (pMAG) registers to a Local Mobility Anchor (LMA) on behalf of a new MAG (nMAG) during layer 2 handoff. Then, during handover after registration nMAG buffers.Compared to MIPv6 and PMIPv6, PL-MIPv6 can reduce more packet loss. To receive the MNs profile securely we use Also, we use Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) groundwork to authenticate the MN and to receive MNs profiles securely. We show the performance of PL-PMIPv6 through the comparison of packet loss during handover of MIPv6, PMIPv6 and PLPMIPv6.Authentication with Packet-Lossless PMIPv6 (PL-PMIPv6), to reduce packet loss in PMIPv6. The order of signaling flow in PMIPv6 is followed by PL-PMIPv6 and reduces packet loss. Once the pMAG is aware of the MNs detachment, it sends the DeReg PBU message to the LMA in PMIPv6. When pMAG sends the DeReg PBU message, nMAGs PBU message is included in DeReg PBU message in PL-PMIPv6. That is, the pMAG registers on behalf of the nMAG in advance to reduce handover latency. As a result, the tunnel between the nMAG and the LMA is built in advance. Also, the nMAG begins to buffer packets to the MN after it receives the PBA message. After layer 2 handoff, the MN sends the RS message and receives the RA message including the MNs home network prefix.3. APPLICATIONS1) Selective IP Traffic Offload Support with Proxy Mobile IPv62) Network-based Mobility Management in a local domain (Single Access Technology Domain)3) Inter- engineering science handoffs across access technology do mains (Ex LTE to WLAN, eHRPD to LTE, WiMAX to LTE)4) Access Aggregation replacing L2TP, Static GRE, CAPWAP based architectures, for 3G/4G integration and mobility4. ABBREVIATIONS5. CONCLUSIONFast handovers are transferring of ongoing calls from one channel to another without interruption. Here , Fast Handover analysis reduces the latency in sending the packets from one node to another. In this paper techniques like piggybacking is used to reduce the signaling overhead , bicasting scheme reduces the packet loss by storing all the packets in a buffer and whenever the packet is lost ,the packets are retransmitted from the buffer. Previous papers used only ID for authentication process, this paper used a password authentication mechanism. The result analysis showed that these schemes provide a better solution than existing schemes.6. REFERENCESChowdhury K., Koodli R and Yokota H., (2010) Fast Handovers for Proxy Mobile IPv6, IETF Draft, draft-yokota-mipshop-pfmipv6-13 (work in progress) .Chuang M.-C. and Lee J.-F., (2011) FH-PMIPv6 A fast handoff scheme in proxy mobile IPv6 networks, in Proc. IEEE CECNET, pp. 12971300.Chuang M.-C. and Lee J.-F, (2011) A lightweight mutual authentication mechanism for network mobility in IEEE 802.16e wireless networks, Comput. Netw., vol. 55, no. 16, pp. 37963809.Chung T.-M., Kim S.-D., and Lee J.-H., (2009) Secure fast handover scheme of proxy mobile IPv6, in Proc. IEEE Int. Joint Conf. INC IMS IDC NCM, pp. 555558.Kim B., Kim G-Y, Mun Y. and Ryu s., (2008) A scheme to reduce packet loss during PMIPv6 handover considering authentication, in Proc. IEEE Int.Conf. Comput. Sci. Its Applicat., pp. 47-51.Kim M., Mun Y. and Ryu S., (2009) Enhanced fast handovers for proxy mobile IPv6 , in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Sci. Its Applicat. (ICCSA), pp.39-43.Zhang H. and Zhou H., (2008) An authentication protocol for Proxy Mobile IPv6 ,in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Mobile Ad-Hoc Sensor Network, pp. 129-136.